Some extra ways of active probing

[nametoolong]

There are a couple of possible ways of active probing, even with #2523 patched. Most of them are probabilistic and not easy to exploit, and I am only posting two obvious attack vectors here. V2Ray's VMess implementation seems to be pretty broken by now.

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[xiaokangwang]

Thanks for your report, a fix to these issues have been authored but yet to be released.

The attacks described in this issue will be neutralized in the next release.

[nametoolong]

@xiaokangwang I guess there is some misunderstanding of the second attack. The second attack is even easier: now the attacker does not have to perform the attack within 30 seconds because he can trigger the drain behavior at any time.

As soon as the behavior seed is determined, BaseDrainSize and RandDrainMax is fixed and can be trivially probed across multiple connections. It takes significantly longer time but is reliable. Then we can fingerprint a server who repeatedly exposes the same drain pattern.

It seems like a dilemma: a large BaseDrainSize makes it easy to identify individual servers, while a small one provides less protection against #2523.

[xiaokangwang]

BaseDrainSize and RandDrainMax is the characteristic of that individual server's port. And any typical TCP server will always read a certain amount of data before closing the connection. Can you describe how to determine whether a TCP server is a VMess server based on BaseDrainSize and RandDrainMax ?

[nametoolong]

There are a few heuristics, but none are 'precise' enough. I think it is fine as declared in the announcement. Such uniform random behavior is actually rare but there is no protocol that is completely unidentifiable. So my apologies and thank you for your earnest work.

[xiaokangwang]

Thanks for your contribution. The distribution of drain can always be adjusted later. You don't need to say sorry, and you deserve my homage.

[xiaokangwang]

This issue have been resolved and the original report is declassified. Decrypted report appended below:

-----END PGP MESSAGE-----gpg: encrypted with 4096-bit RSA key, ID FCA0D3DB38CCC72C, created 2020-06-02
      "V2Fly Developers <dev@v2fly.org>"
Vector 1:
Let M1 be the first 54 bytes of a valid session.
Let M2=M1. Tamper with M2[48] (i.e. alter the 49th byte of M2).
Replay M1. Connection is closed immediately.
Replay M2. Conection is not closed.
Replay M2 again. Connection is closed immediately.

Solution:
Drain the connection on all types of errors. It still needs to be considered whether draining the connection itself is a attack vector.

Vector 2:
Let M be the first 54 bytes of a valid session.
Let M[48]=0..255.
Replay all 256 different versions of M within 30 seconds. It is not very easy to perform, but still feasible.
Check how many bytes the server swallows after sending M. Here we call the number P.
If max(P)-min(P) is very close to 48 but never exceeds 48, then it is likely a v2ray server. By testing multiple times we can gain a high confidence.

Solution:
Randomize the number to drain with other sources of seed. How to do so without breaking the deterministic random protection remains to be investigated.