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refactor(nitro): use nitro v3 functionRules workflow routes#1575

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RihanArfan wants to merge 6 commits intomainfrom
feat/nitro-builder-improvement
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refactor(nitro): use nitro v3 functionRules workflow routes#1575
RihanArfan wants to merge 6 commits intomainfrom
feat/nitro-builder-improvement

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@RihanArfan RihanArfan commented Apr 1, 2026

Description

Currently we separately build the Workflows functions for the Vercel Build Output API when deploying a Nitro app to Vercel. This means the Workflows routes aren't part of the Nitro bundle.

This PR changes to now handle the Workflows routes as handlers within Nitro v3. Nitro v2 is untouched.

How did you test your changes?

Locally ran nitro dev in the nitro-v3 workspace and visited the API route POST /api/test-direct-step-call.

PR Checklist - Required to merge

  • 📦 pnpm changeset was run to create a changelog for this PR
    • During beta, we only use "patch" mode for changes. Don't tag minor/major versions.
    • Use pnpm changeset --empty if you are changing documentation or workbench apps
  • 🔒 DCO sign-off passes (run git commit --signoff on your commits)
  • 📝 Ping @vercel/workflow in a comment once the PR is ready, and the above checklist is complete

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⚠️ No Changeset found

Latest commit: 68d1744

Merging this PR will not cause a version bump for any packages. If these changes should not result in a new version, you're good to go. If these changes should result in a version bump, you need to add a changeset.

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The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

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Comment thread packages/nitro/src/index.ts
@RihanArfan RihanArfan force-pushed the feat/nitro-builder-improvement branch from e312e97 to 3eb081a Compare April 7, 2026 10:28
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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Nitro 0.029s (-31.6% 🟢) 1.006s (~) 0.976s 10 1.00x
💻 Local Express 0.030s (-31.4% 🟢) 1.006s (~) 0.975s 10 1.03x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 0.044s (-54.0% 🟢) 1.012s (-3.0%) 0.968s 10 1.48x
🐘 Postgres Express 0.046s (-20.2% 🟢) 1.012s (~) 0.966s 10 1.57x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 0.048s 1.006s 0.958s 10 1.63x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 0.060s 1.012s 0.952s 10 2.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 0.260s (+10.5% 🔺) 2.131s (~) 1.871s 10 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 0.389s (-5.2% 🟢) 2.148s (-14.4% 🟢) 1.760s 10 1.49x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Nitro 1.068s (-5.6% 🟢) 2.006s (~) 0.938s 10 1.00x
💻 Local Express 1.073s (-4.7%) 2.007s (~) 0.934s 10 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 1.085s (-4.8%) 2.009s (~) 0.923s 10 1.02x
🐘 Postgres Express 1.087s (-5.2% 🟢) 2.009s (~) 0.922s 10 1.02x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 1.129s 2.010s 0.881s 10 1.06x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 1.135s 2.005s 0.870s 10 1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 1.565s (-16.5% 🟢) 3.688s (-3.1%) 2.123s 10 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 1.628s (-58.2% 🟢) 3.336s (-43.5% 🟢) 1.708s 10 1.04x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Nitro 10.403s (-5.0%) 11.022s (~) 0.619s 3 1.00x
💻 Local Express 10.417s (-4.6%) 11.021s (~) 0.604s 3 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 10.426s (-4.9%) 11.019s (~) 0.593s 3 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 10.433s (-4.0%) 11.018s (~) 0.586s 3 1.00x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 10.663s 11.022s 0.360s 3 1.02x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 10.730s 11.021s 0.292s 3 1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 13.832s (-41.7% 🟢) 15.034s (-40.1% 🟢) 1.202s 3 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 14.152s (-16.7% 🟢) 16.356s (-18.3% 🟢) 2.205s 2 1.02x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Nitro 13.430s (-10.8% 🟢) 14.027s (-12.5% 🟢) 0.597s 5 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 13.449s (-7.8% 🟢) 14.016s (-6.7% 🟢) 0.568s 5 1.00x
💻 Local Express 13.485s (-9.9% 🟢) 14.027s (-6.7% 🟢) 0.542s 5 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 13.510s (-7.4% 🟢) 14.017s (-6.7% 🟢) 0.507s 5 1.01x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 14.040s 15.029s 0.989s 4 1.05x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 14.166s 15.019s 0.853s 4 1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 21.907s (-56.5% 🟢) 23.873s (-54.6% 🟢) 1.966s 3 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 24.064s (-62.7% 🟢) 25.344s (-62.0% 🟢) 1.280s 3 1.10x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Nitro 11.849s (-29.4% 🟢) 12.022s (-29.4% 🟢) 0.172s 8 1.00x
💻 Local Express 11.990s (-27.8% 🟢) 12.523s (-26.5% 🟢) 0.533s 8 1.01x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 12.076s (-13.5% 🟢) 12.874s (-10.0% 🟢) 0.798s 7 1.02x
🐘 Postgres Express 12.200s (-12.9% 🟢) 13.017s (-10.8% 🟢) 0.817s 7 1.03x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 13.071s 13.455s 0.383s 7 1.10x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 13.191s 14.020s 0.829s 7 1.11x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 31.015s (-74.4% 🟢) 32.824s (-73.5% 🟢) 1.809s 3 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 31.287s (-92.6% 🟢) 33.134s (-92.2% 🟢) 1.848s 3 1.01x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 1.158s (-9.2% 🟢) 2.007s (~) 0.850s 15 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 1.159s (-8.1% 🟢) 2.007s (~) 0.848s 15 1.00x
💻 Local Nitro 1.173s (-28.1% 🟢) 2.006s (-3.3%) 0.833s 15 1.01x
💻 Local Express 1.183s (-20.6% 🟢) 2.007s (~) 0.824s 15 1.02x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 1.219s 2.007s 0.788s 15 1.05x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 1.271s 2.005s 0.735s 15 1.10x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 2.471s (-12.3% 🟢) 3.911s (-9.5% 🟢) 1.439s 8 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 3.872s (+35.4% 🔺) 5.693s (+23.1% 🔺) 1.821s 6 1.57x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 1.199s (-49.0% 🟢) 2.007s (-33.3% 🟢) 0.808s 15 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 1.242s (-47.4% 🟢) 2.007s (-33.3% 🟢) 0.765s 15 1.04x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 1.340s 2.008s 0.668s 15 1.12x
💻 Local Nitro 1.734s (-44.8% 🟢) 2.073s (-46.7% 🟢) 0.338s 15 1.45x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 1.786s 2.149s 0.364s 14 1.49x
💻 Local Express 1.806s (-38.8% 🟢) 2.073s (-40.0% 🟢) 0.267s 15 1.51x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 3.526s (-2.6%) 5.033s (-1.5%) 1.507s 6 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 3.771s (-6.9% 🟢) 5.258s (-11.2% 🟢) 1.487s 6 1.07x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 1.340s (-61.5% 🟢) 2.006s (-50.0% 🟢) 0.666s 15 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 1.388s (-60.2% 🟢) 2.007s (-49.9% 🟢) 0.619s 15 1.04x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 1.622s 2.007s 0.385s 15 1.21x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 4.444s 5.011s 0.567s 6 3.32x
💻 Local Nitro 4.669s (-44.1% 🟢) 5.297s (-41.3% 🟢) 0.628s 7 3.48x
💻 Local Express 5.505s (-34.0% 🟢) 6.016s (-33.4% 🟢) 0.511s 5 4.11x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 5.408s (+27.5% 🔺) 7.506s (+22.5% 🔺) 2.098s 4 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 314.523s (+8821.8% 🔺) 316.363s (+5616.8% 🔺) 1.840s 1 58.16x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 1.149s (-8.6% 🟢) 2.008s (~) 0.859s 15 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 1.157s (-8.0% 🟢) 2.007s (~) 0.850s 15 1.01x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 1.204s 2.008s 0.804s 15 1.05x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 1.325s 2.006s 0.680s 15 1.15x
💻 Local Express 1.394s (-26.4% 🟢) 2.006s (-15.2% 🟢) 0.611s 15 1.21x
💻 Local Nitro 1.406s (-24.6% 🟢) 2.007s (-14.3% 🟢) 0.601s 15 1.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 2.897s (+12.2% 🔺) 4.414s (+1.5%) 1.517s 7 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 3.032s (+23.3% 🔺) 4.511s (+8.2% 🔺) 1.480s 7 1.05x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 1.228s (-47.5% 🟢) 2.008s (-33.3% 🟢) 0.780s 15 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 1.245s (-46.8% 🟢) 2.009s (-33.3% 🟢) 0.763s 15 1.01x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 1.352s 2.008s 0.656s 15 1.10x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 1.944s 2.316s 0.372s 13 1.58x
💻 Local Express 2.102s (-32.9% 🟢) 2.591s (-31.1% 🟢) 0.489s 12 1.71x
💻 Local Nitro 2.140s (-30.2% 🟢) 2.508s (-35.5% 🟢) 0.368s 12 1.74x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 3.476s (+7.5% 🔺) 5.087s (~) 1.611s 6 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 3.783s (+18.5% 🔺) 5.588s (+16.6% 🔺) 1.805s 6 1.09x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 1.329s (-61.8% 🟢) 2.007s (-49.9% 🟢) 0.678s 15 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 1.365s (-61.0% 🟢) 2.008s (-49.9% 🟢) 0.643s 15 1.03x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 1.658s 2.010s 0.352s 15 1.25x
💻 Local Nitro 4.655s (-49.1% 🟢) 5.179s (-48.3% 🟢) 0.523s 6 3.50x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 5.067s 5.512s 0.445s 6 3.81x
💻 Local Express 5.740s (-34.8% 🟢) 6.183s (-33.3% 🟢) 0.443s 6 4.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 5.075s (-20.9% 🟢) 6.965s (-14.8% 🟢) 1.889s 5 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 5.425s (+6.5% 🔺) 6.883s (+1.0%) 1.458s 5 1.07x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 0.433s (-48.4% 🟢) 1.006s (-1.7%) 0.573s 60 1.00x
💻 Local Nitro 0.475s (-51.6% 🟢) 1.004s (-8.2% 🟢) 0.529s 60 1.10x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 0.477s (-41.8% 🟢) 1.024s (+1.7%) 0.546s 59 1.10x
💻 Local Express 0.487s (-50.6% 🟢) 1.004s (-6.7% 🟢) 0.517s 60 1.12x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 0.683s 1.007s 0.324s 60 1.58x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 0.731s 1.004s 0.273s 60 1.69x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 4.764s (-78.4% 🟢) 6.108s (-74.6% 🟢) 1.344s 10 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 5.357s (-71.8% 🟢) 7.195s (-66.3% 🟢) 1.838s 9 1.12x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 1.086s (-45.1% 🟢) 1.807s (-20.0% 🟢) 0.721s 50 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 1.094s (-43.2% 🟢) 1.964s (-6.5% 🟢) 0.870s 46 1.01x
💻 Local Nitro 1.169s (-61.5% 🟢) 2.005s (-46.6% 🟢) 0.836s 45 1.08x
💻 Local Express 1.216s (-59.7% 🟢) 2.006s (-44.1% 🟢) 0.790s 45 1.12x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 1.639s 2.008s 0.369s 45 1.51x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 1.810s 2.028s 0.217s 45 1.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 12.428s (-68.5% 🟢) 13.779s (-66.6% 🟢) 1.350s 7 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 12.909s (-62.6% 🟢) 15.008s (-59.2% 🟢) 2.099s 6 1.04x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 2.054s (-48.5% 🟢) 2.529s (-42.1% 🟢) 0.476s 48 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 2.095s (-49.0% 🟢) 2.935s (-36.3% 🟢) 0.840s 41 1.02x
💻 Local Nitro 2.679s (-71.2% 🟢) 3.032s (-69.7% 🟢) 0.353s 40 1.30x
💻 Local Express 2.708s (-70.6% 🟢) 3.008s (-70.0% 🟢) 0.300s 40 1.32x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 3.246s 4.011s 0.765s 30 1.58x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 3.828s 4.008s 0.179s 30 1.86x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 36.820s (-71.7% 🟢) 40.101s (-69.7% 🟢) 3.281s 3 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 37.978s (-60.8% 🟢) 40.351s (-59.0% 🟢) 2.373s 3 1.03x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 0.186s (-34.3% 🟢) 1.006s (~) 0.820s 60 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 0.195s (-31.1% 🟢) 1.006s (~) 0.811s 60 1.05x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 0.242s 1.006s 0.764s 60 1.30x
💻 Local Express 0.447s (-20.2% 🟢) 1.004s (~) 0.557s 60 2.40x
💻 Local Nitro 0.450s (-25.5% 🟢) 1.004s (-1.7%) 0.554s 60 2.42x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 0.538s 1.004s 0.467s 60 2.89x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 2.214s (+33.3% 🔺) 3.581s (+6.9% 🔺) 1.367s 17 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 2.222s (+13.7% 🔺) 3.978s (+9.4% 🔺) 1.756s 16 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 0.318s (-36.0% 🟢) 1.006s (~) 0.689s 90 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 0.322s (-36.9% 🟢) 1.006s (~) 0.684s 90 1.01x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 0.475s 1.018s 0.543s 89 1.49x
💻 Local Nitro 2.183s (-14.0% 🟢) 2.767s (-8.1% 🟢) 0.584s 33 6.87x
💻 Local Express 2.310s (-8.1% 🟢) 2.944s (-2.2%) 0.635s 31 7.27x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 2.327s 2.978s 0.651s 31 7.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 7.618s (+150.1% 🔺) 9.588s (+99.5% 🔺) 1.970s 10 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 8.247s (+155.7% 🔺) 9.680s (+100.8% 🔺) 1.433s 10 1.08x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 0.631s (-20.2% 🟢) 1.006s (~) 0.375s 120 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 0.655s (-20.0% 🟢) 1.006s (-1.1%) 0.351s 120 1.04x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 0.930s 1.229s 0.299s 99 1.47x
💻 Local Nitro 9.674s (-13.6% 🟢) 10.280s (-11.9% 🟢) 0.606s 12 15.34x
💻 Local Express 10.489s (-6.3% 🟢) 10.865s (-9.0% 🟢) 0.376s 12 16.63x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 11.099s 11.944s 0.845s 11 17.59x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 24.710s (+220.0% 🔺) 26.446s (+181.3% 🔺) 1.736s 6 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 28.759s (+287.6% 🔺) 31.045s (+235.8% 🔺) 2.285s 4 1.16x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks (includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Nitro 1.135s (+431.4% 🔺) 2.004s (+99.5% 🔺) 0.010s (-19.2% 🟢) 2.017s (+98.0% 🔺) 0.881s 10 1.00x
💻 Local Express 1.136s (+470.4% 🔺) 2.005s (+99.6% 🔺) 0.012s (-0.8%) 2.019s (+98.3% 🔺) 0.884s 10 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 1.136s (+454.3% 🔺) 2.002s (+100.2% 🔺) 0.001s (-6.7% 🟢) 2.010s (+98.7% 🔺) 0.873s 10 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 1.158s (+464.4% 🔺) 1.996s (+99.9% 🔺) 0.002s (~) 2.010s (+98.7% 🔺) 0.852s 10 1.02x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 1.190s 2.003s 0.010s 2.017s 0.828s 10 1.05x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 1.204s 2.001s 0.001s 2.010s 0.806s 10 1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 2.416s (-3.6%) 3.549s (-13.2% 🟢) 1.571s (+63.5% 🔺) 5.705s (+2.0%) 3.289s 10 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 33.018s (+761.6% 🔺) 33.967s (+543.7% 🔺) 1.676s (+125.8% 🔺) 36.094s (+456.7% 🔺) 3.076s 10 13.67x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - - -

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Nitro 1.522s (+81.4% 🔺) 2.011s (+98.7% 🔺) 0.010s (+7.1% 🔺) 2.023s (+81.3% 🔺) 0.501s 30 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 1.523s (+141.8% 🔺) 2.008s (+99.5% 🔺) 0.004s (~) 2.026s (+98.1% 🔺) 0.503s 30 1.00x
💻 Local Express 1.546s (+104.2% 🔺) 2.011s (+95.5% 🔺) 0.010s (+9.1% 🔺) 2.023s (+94.6% 🔺) 0.478s 30 1.02x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 1.565s (+150.7% 🔺) 2.006s (+99.3% 🔺) 0.003s (-17.0% 🟢) 2.024s (+98.0% 🔺) 0.459s 30 1.03x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 1.662s 2.010s 0.004s 2.023s 0.361s 30 1.09x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 1.669s 2.009s 0.010s 2.022s 0.354s 30 1.10x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 5.887s (-80.0% 🟢) 7.156s (-76.8% 🟢) 0.242s (+116.0% 🔺) 7.837s (-75.3% 🟢) 1.950s 8 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 6.366s (-2.1%) 7.732s (-3.5%) 0.234s (-42.6% 🟢) 8.640s (-2.2%) 2.274s 7 1.08x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - - -

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 0.657s (-32.2% 🟢) 1.052s (-15.7% 🟢) 0.000s (+68.4% 🔺) 1.060s (-15.8% 🟢) 0.403s 57 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 0.695s (-27.7% 🟢) 1.048s (-18.0% 🟢) 0.000s (+61.4% 🔺) 1.060s (-18.9% 🟢) 0.365s 57 1.06x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 0.774s 1.053s 0.000s 1.060s 0.285s 57 1.18x
💻 Local Nitro 1.357s (+11.0% 🔺) 2.015s (~) 0.000s (+133.3% 🔺) 2.017s (~) 0.660s 30 2.07x
💻 Local Express 1.373s (+12.1% 🔺) 2.016s (~) 0.000s (-60.0% 🟢) 2.017s (~) 0.645s 30 2.09x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 1.468s 2.014s 0.000s 2.017s 0.549s 30 2.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 3.282s (+7.6% 🔺) 4.261s (-3.0%) 0.000s (~) 4.645s (-3.4%) 1.363s 13 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 3.765s (+0.7%) 5.119s (~) 0.000s (-100.0% 🟢) 5.646s (+2.1%) 1.881s 11 1.15x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - - -

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 1.340s (-24.4% 🟢) 2.100s (-3.5%) 0.000s (NaN%) 2.114s (-3.9%) 0.774s 29 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 1.346s (-24.9% 🟢) 2.036s (-4.9%) 0.000s (+180.0% 🔺) 2.063s (-5.1% 🟢) 0.717s 30 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 1.636s 2.140s 0.000s 2.167s 0.531s 29 1.22x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 2.775s 3.186s 0.001s 3.191s 0.415s 19 2.07x
💻 Local Nitro 3.077s (-9.2% 🟢) 3.906s (-3.1%) 0.001s (+17.2% 🔺) 3.909s (-3.2%) 0.831s 16 2.30x
💻 Local Express 3.130s (-9.7% 🟢) 3.840s (-4.8%) 0.001s (-6.3% 🟢) 3.845s (-4.8%) 0.715s 16 2.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 5.287s (+29.1% 🔺) 6.651s (+23.8% 🔺) 0.000s (-18.5% 🟢) 7.100s (+22.5% 🔺) 1.813s 9 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 5.455s (+18.9% 🔺) 7.044s (+17.0% 🔺) 0.001s (+Infinity% 🔺) 7.608s (+17.8% 🔺) 2.154s 8 1.03x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - - -

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World 🥇 Fastest Framework Wins
💻 Local Nitro 16/21
🐘 Postgres Nitro 13/21
▲ Vercel Express 11/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework 🥇 Fastest World Wins
Express 🐘 Postgres 16/21
Next.js (Turbopack) 🐘 Postgres 16/21
Nitro 🐘 Postgres 13/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run


Some benchmark jobs failed:

  • Local: success
  • Postgres: success
  • Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

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github-actions Bot commented Apr 7, 2026

🧪 E2E Test Results

Some tests failed

Summary

Passed Failed Skipped Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production 1198 2 219 1419
✅ 💻 Local Development 1587 0 219 1806
✅ 📦 Local Production 1587 0 219 1806
❌ 🐘 Local Postgres 1585 2 219 1806
✅ 🪟 Windows 129 0 0 129
✅ 📋 Other 727 0 176 903
Total 6813 4 1052 7869

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (2 failed)

fastify (2 failed):

  • sleepWinsRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KRABANMVSHAF2HGJH5XB1QHJ | 🔍 observability
  • fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KRABMH1V857K80A5MKJMR574 | 🔍 observability
🐘 Local Postgres (2 failed)

nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled (1 failed):

  • addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KRAB8C897JGF153M3QH65FDH

nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled (1 failed):

  • addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KRAB8C897JGF153M3QH65FDH

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ astro 103 0 26
✅ example 103 0 26
✅ express 103 0 26
❌ fastify 101 2 26
✅ hono 103 0 26
✅ nextjs-turbopack 127 0 2
✅ nextjs-webpack 127 0 2
✅ nitro 103 0 26
✅ nuxt 103 0 26
✅ sveltekit 122 0 7
✅ vite 103 0 26
✅ 💻 Local Development
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ astro-stable 104 0 25
✅ express-stable 104 0 25
✅ fastify-stable 104 0 25
✅ hono-stable 104 0 25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary 110 0 19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled 129 0 0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled 129 0 0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary 110 0 19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled 129 0 0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled 129 0 0
✅ nitro-stable 104 0 25
✅ nuxt-stable 104 0 25
✅ sveltekit-stable 123 0 6
✅ vite-stable 104 0 25
✅ 📦 Local Production
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ astro-stable 104 0 25
✅ express-stable 104 0 25
✅ fastify-stable 104 0 25
✅ hono-stable 104 0 25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary 110 0 19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled 129 0 0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled 129 0 0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary 110 0 19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled 129 0 0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled 129 0 0
✅ nitro-stable 104 0 25
✅ nuxt-stable 104 0 25
✅ sveltekit-stable 123 0 6
✅ vite-stable 104 0 25
❌ 🐘 Local Postgres
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ astro-stable 104 0 25
✅ express-stable 104 0 25
✅ fastify-stable 104 0 25
✅ hono-stable 104 0 25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary 110 0 19
❌ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled 128 1 0
❌ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled 128 1 0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary 110 0 19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled 129 0 0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled 129 0 0
✅ nitro-stable 104 0 25
✅ nuxt-stable 104 0 25
✅ sveltekit-stable 123 0 6
✅ vite-stable 104 0 25
✅ 🪟 Windows
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack 129 0 0
✅ 📋 Other
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable 104 0 25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start- 104 0 25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable 104 0 25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start- 104 0 25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable 104 0 25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start- 104 0 25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start 103 0 26

📋 View full workflow run


Some E2E test jobs failed:

  • Vercel Prod: failure
  • Local Dev: success
  • Local Prod: success
  • Local Postgres: failure
  • Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

@RihanArfan RihanArfan changed the title refactor(nitro)!: use nitro v3 functionRules workflow routes refactor(nitro): use nitro v3 functionRules workflow routes Apr 9, 2026
Comment thread packages/nitro/src/index.ts Outdated
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@vercel/workflow

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@VaguelySerious VaguelySerious left a comment

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You probably know better than me whether the nits apply, so use your judgement there. Happy to approve this once the e2e tests are running again and CI is green

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AI review: blocking issues found

Comment thread packages/nitro/src/index.ts
Comment thread packages/nitro/src/index.ts
Comment thread packages/nitro/src/index.ts Outdated
Comment thread packages/nitro/src/index.ts Outdated
Comment thread packages/nitro/src/index.ts Outdated
Comment thread packages/nitro/src/index.ts Outdated
Comment thread packages/nitro/src/index.test.ts
Comment thread packages/builders/src/types.ts Outdated
* Extra esbuild options merged into every bundle this builder produces
* (steps, intermediate workflow, final workflow wrapper, webhook).
*/
esbuildOptions?: Partial<BuildOptions>;
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AI Review: Nit

esbuildOptions: Partial<BuildOptions> is a broad surface for one knob

The new field accepts the full esbuild BuildOptions and is spread into four bundle calls with very different needs (steps: node/esm, workflow VM: neutral/cjs, webhook: node/esm, final wrapper: node/esm). The current spread order puts user options first so builder-required options like platform, format, bundle, plugins win — that's defensive — but the API still implies "you can pass any esbuild option" when in practice almost everything that matters is overridden.

Given the only consumer is sourcesContent: false, consider either narrowing the public type to a small allowlist or naming the field something closer to its actual purpose. Not blocking, but the surface area will be hard to take back later.

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Seems like tests are still failing, please re-ping me when they pass 👋

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