WIP: [docker] [ci] fix dockerfiles, test docker builds in CI

.github/workflows/docker.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+name: Docker
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - master
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - master
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+# automatically cancel in-progress builds if another commit is pushed
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  build-cpu:
+    name: build (CPU)
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+      - name: dockerfile-cli (build)
+        run: |
+          docker build \
+            -t lightgbm:cli \
+            --build-arg LIGHTGBM_GIT_REF=${{ github.head_ref }} \
+            --build-arg LIGHTGBM_GIT_URL=https://github.com/${{ github.repository }} \
+            - < ./docker/dockerfile-cli
+      - name: dockerfile-cli (test)
+        run: |
+          docker run \
+            --entrypoint="" \
+            --rm \
+            lightgbm:cli \
+            which lightgbm
+      - name: dockerfile-r (build)
+        run: |
+          docker build \
+            -t lightgbm:r \
+            --build-arg LIGHTGBM_GIT_REF=${{ github.head_ref }} \
+            --build-arg LIGHTGBM_GIT_URL=https://github.com/${{ github.repository }} \
+            - < ./docker/dockerfile-r
+      - name: dockerfile-r (test)
+        run: |
+          docker run \
+            --rm \
+            lightgbm:r \
+            Rscript -e "library(lightgbm); print(sessionInfo())"
+      - name: dockerfile-python (build)
+        run: |
+          docker build \
+            -t lightgbm:python \
+            --build-arg LIGHTGBM_GIT_REF=${{ github.head_ref }} \
+            --build-arg LIGHTGBM_GIT_URL=https://github.com/${{ github.repository }} \
+            - < ./docker/dockerfile-python
+      - name: dockerfile-python (test)
+        run: |
+          docker run \
+            --rm \
+            lightgbm:python \
+            python -c "import lightgbm; print(f'lightgbm version: {lightgbm.__version__}')"
+  build-gpu:
+    name: build (GPU)
+    runs-on: LightGBM-GPU
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+      - name: dockerfile.gpu (build)
+        run: |
+          docker build \
+            -t lightgbm:gpu \
+            --build-arg LIGHTGBM_GIT_REF=${{ github.head_ref }} \
+            --build-arg LIGHTGBM_GIT_URL=https://github.com/${{ github.repository }} \
+            - < ./docker/gpu/dockerfile.gpu
+      - name: dockerfile-cli-only.gpu (build)
+        run: |
+          docker build \
+            -t lightgbm:cli-only.gpu
+            --build-arg LIGHTGBM_GIT_REF=${{ github.head_ref }} \
+            --build-arg LIGHTGBM_GIT_URL=https://github.com/${{ github.repository }} \
+            - < ./docker/gpu/dockerfile-cli-only.gpu
+      - name: dockerfile-cli-only.gpu (test)
+        run: |
+          docker run \
+            --entrypoint="" \
+            --rm \
+            lightgbm:cli-only.gpu \
+            which lightgbm
+      - name: dockerfile-cli-only-distroless.gpu (build)
+        run: |
+          docker build \
+            -t lightgbm:cli-only-distroless.gpu \
+            --build-arg LIGHTGBM_GIT_REF=${{ github.head_ref }} \
+            --build-arg LIGHTGBM_GIT_URL=https://github.com/${{ github.repository }} \
+            - < ./docker/gpu/dockerfile-cli-only-distroless.gpu
+      - name: dockerfile-cli-only-distroless.gpu (test)
+        run: |
+          docker run \
+            --entrypoint="" \
+            --rm \
+            lightgbm:cli-only-distroless.gpu \
+            which lightgbm
+  all-docker-jobs-successful:
+    if: always()
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs: [build-cpu, build-gpu]
+    steps:
+      - name: Note that all tests succeeded
+        uses: re-actors/[email protected]
+        with:
+          jobs: ${{ toJSON(needs) }}